Project 1.1.3 Architectural Styles
Typically, people associate pyramids with Egypt. However, pyramids have been created all over the world. What makes us associate a style with a certain culture or time period? Recognizable architectural styles are often a result of nearby building material, weather, and culture.
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
1. How is the culture of the people reflected in the architectural style? The order and organization of Colonial America is reflected in the vertical columns used in the architecture. It also represents some patriotic beliefs by using old styles from the past.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of building a home with your chosen style today? Advantages are a strong structure, conditioned interior, and open yard. The only disadvantage is that it is expensive to build.
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
1. How is the culture of the people reflected in the architectural style? The order and organization of Colonial America is reflected in the vertical columns used in the architecture. It also represents some patriotic beliefs by using old styles from the past.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of building a home with your chosen style today? Advantages are a strong structure, conditioned interior, and open yard. The only disadvantage is that it is expensive to build.
Project 1.1.4 Architectural Features
You have probably heard the saying that a picture is worth a thousand words. If that is so, imagine what a model is worth. A picture may provide some information, but it is limited to angle, light, and detail. A model can provide much more information and can capture the imagination of those who view it. Designers often use models to demonstrate their ideas.
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
1. How did the time period from which your feature was most prevalent influence the feature? The resources available during the 17th Century and the climate gave the need for a cedar and pine structure that would keep the people warm.
2. How did the feature you modeled meet a human need? The chimney and the structure kept heat inside the house which helped in a cold climate.
3. Describe the use of the principle of design best represented in the architecture of your model. The model uses symmetrical balance as both halves of the house are the same and maintain a sense of formal balance.
4. Explain how one of the other models in your class has similar characteristics? Art Deco Architecture uses symmetrical balance, large windows, and a triangular roof.
OVERVIEW
Cape Cod architecture originated in the colonies in the 17th Century. Its primary purpose was to provide shelter for settlers. The common Cape Cod house is two stories tall, with an even number of windows. Each half of the house has an equal number of windows on both sides of the door because the house is a symmetrical balance. There are two extruding windows out of the roof of the house that make up the second floor. The final part of the house is the chimney, which keeps the settlers warm in cold climates. The chimney sticks out the center of the house so each section is equally warm. There is no significant color scheme for this architecture style. The primary materials used in this type of house are cedar for the walls and pine for the flooring. This style of architecture means a lot to me because my favorite period in history is the Colonial period. It is a key step in the expansion of human civilization.
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
1. How did the time period from which your feature was most prevalent influence the feature? The resources available during the 17th Century and the climate gave the need for a cedar and pine structure that would keep the people warm.
2. How did the feature you modeled meet a human need? The chimney and the structure kept heat inside the house which helped in a cold climate.
3. Describe the use of the principle of design best represented in the architecture of your model. The model uses symmetrical balance as both halves of the house are the same and maintain a sense of formal balance.
4. Explain how one of the other models in your class has similar characteristics? Art Deco Architecture uses symmetrical balance, large windows, and a triangular roof.
OVERVIEW
Cape Cod architecture originated in the colonies in the 17th Century. Its primary purpose was to provide shelter for settlers. The common Cape Cod house is two stories tall, with an even number of windows. Each half of the house has an equal number of windows on both sides of the door because the house is a symmetrical balance. There are two extruding windows out of the roof of the house that make up the second floor. The final part of the house is the chimney, which keeps the settlers warm in cold climates. The chimney sticks out the center of the house so each section is equally warm. There is no significant color scheme for this architecture style. The primary materials used in this type of house are cedar for the walls and pine for the flooring. This style of architecture means a lot to me because my favorite period in history is the Colonial period. It is a key step in the expansion of human civilization.
Project 1.2.1 This is Your Career
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Do you want a job . . . or a career? Many people go to their job every day and consider going home as the highlight of the day. Other people choose a career based on their interests and talents so they can enjoy their work and contribute to society in a meaningful way. In this way they can enjoy their career and the work they do. Have you considered that you have a talent to offer to other people and the world? You owe it to yourself and others to pursue a career that matches your interests and talents. If you choose a job rather than a career, you deprive yourself of the opportunity to contribute to interesting and challenging projects which can benefit people and communities around the world. You owe it yourself and others to pursue something that matches your interests and talents.
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS 1. You described a career related to civil engineering and/or architecture. Is this the career field that you are currently most interested in at this stage in your life? This career was an alternative choice at first, but as I learned more about the job, I became more interested and would like to learn more in this field. 2. Rank and describe the three most important characteristics that you value in choosing a post-secondary school. 3) Outside Activities – Whatever I can do outside of school can affect my academic future because I’ll be able to show off extraordinary abilities. 2) Grades – My grades and GPA are crucial to get into any school. 1) Awards and Achievements – I want to make sure instead of just being “another student” I become heard and known as someone who has achieved more than I want. 3. Rank the following in the order of importance to you regarding a career: job satisfaction; salary; making a difference; level of responsibility; titles; benefits; hours; co-workers; supervisors. 9) Titles 8) Hours 7) Level of Responsibility 6) Supervisors 5) Co-Workers 4) Making a Difference 3) Salary 2) Job Satisfaction 1) Benefits |
Project 2.1.2 Roof Systems
Many roof styles are available to designers. Consequently many factors and constraints can drive a designer’s choice for roof style. Certain roof styles are appropriate for different climates or snow loads. Other roofs do well in areas that get a lot of rain. Of course some roof choices are driven by aesthetics and others by economy. First and foremost, a roof must be durable and effective at keeping out the weather. The designer then decides what features will work best in the environment, please the customer, and fit budget constraints.
While all roofs provide protection from the elements, some simply get the job done, while others are true works of art.
CONCLUSION
1. What is the most common roof type where you live? Do different areas or neighborhoods have different styles? List two of the styles and describe why you think they are predominant. The most common types of roofs in my neighborhood are Gable and Gable w/ Dormer. They’re predominant because the gable type of roof provides strength against tall trees, falling branches, and also provides attic room.
2. If you were designing a house for yourself, which roof style would you choose and why? I would choose Gable w/ Dormer because I like the Gable style and I want an extruding dormer for support and structure.
While all roofs provide protection from the elements, some simply get the job done, while others are true works of art.
CONCLUSION
1. What is the most common roof type where you live? Do different areas or neighborhoods have different styles? List two of the styles and describe why you think they are predominant. The most common types of roofs in my neighborhood are Gable and Gable w/ Dormer. They’re predominant because the gable type of roof provides strength against tall trees, falling branches, and also provides attic room.
2. If you were designing a house for yourself, which roof style would you choose and why? I would choose Gable w/ Dormer because I like the Gable style and I want an extruding dormer for support and structure.
Project 3.1.5 Structural Efficiency
Structural engineers face the challenge of designing structures that can support not only the weight of the structure itself but other loads as well, such as forces caused by people, furniture, snow, wind, and earthquakes. The structural framing system should be designed to carry these loads in an efficient manner. Because the cost of construction materials used to build a structural system is often based on the weight of the materials, it is cost effective to use the least amount of material necessary to provide a structure that can safely carry the applied loads. The most efficient structures are strong and lightweight.
One measure of the cost effectiveness of a structure is structural efficiency. Although structural efficiency can be defined in many ways, in this activity we will define structural efficiency rating as the ratio of the load applied to the structure to the weight of the structure itself.
It is important to understand that in this definition, the maximum design load applied to the structure is not necessarily the maximum load that the structure can carry. In order to provide an efficient design, the structural engineer must design the structure to carry the loads that are anticipated to occur, called the design load. So efficiency is based on maximum design load, not on the actual load that the structure can carry, which may be much higher than the design load. Of course, often the most efficient structure will be one that has a maximum capacity equal to the maximum design load.
In this project you will work in a team of three to design and construct an efficient structural frame (use playing cards and masking tape) to support a maximum design load of five pounds.
CONCLUSION
1. What factors could affect the choice of materials for the structural frame of a building?
Cost, strength, efficiency, and labor are all factors that could affect the choice of materials for the structural frame of a building.
2. Is it advisable to compare the Structural Efficiency Rating for two different proposed framing systems for a building if one system uses structural steel framing and the other uses cast-in-place concrete? Why or why not? If not, what would be a better comparison to determine efficiency?It is advisable to compare the efficiency of two different framing systems out of two different materials because it is measuring strength and how well the structure can stand while bearing a load.
3. Why would a structural engineer be more interested in the Structural Efficiency Rating using the maximum design load than the efficiency determined by using the maximum load capacity of the structure?A structural engineer would be more interested in the Structural Efficiency Rating that way there is the possibility of using up less materials and saving money.
One measure of the cost effectiveness of a structure is structural efficiency. Although structural efficiency can be defined in many ways, in this activity we will define structural efficiency rating as the ratio of the load applied to the structure to the weight of the structure itself.
It is important to understand that in this definition, the maximum design load applied to the structure is not necessarily the maximum load that the structure can carry. In order to provide an efficient design, the structural engineer must design the structure to carry the loads that are anticipated to occur, called the design load. So efficiency is based on maximum design load, not on the actual load that the structure can carry, which may be much higher than the design load. Of course, often the most efficient structure will be one that has a maximum capacity equal to the maximum design load.
In this project you will work in a team of three to design and construct an efficient structural frame (use playing cards and masking tape) to support a maximum design load of five pounds.
CONCLUSION
1. What factors could affect the choice of materials for the structural frame of a building?
Cost, strength, efficiency, and labor are all factors that could affect the choice of materials for the structural frame of a building.
2. Is it advisable to compare the Structural Efficiency Rating for two different proposed framing systems for a building if one system uses structural steel framing and the other uses cast-in-place concrete? Why or why not? If not, what would be a better comparison to determine efficiency?It is advisable to compare the efficiency of two different framing systems out of two different materials because it is measuring strength and how well the structure can stand while bearing a load.
3. Why would a structural engineer be more interested in the Structural Efficiency Rating using the maximum design load than the efficiency determined by using the maximum load capacity of the structure?A structural engineer would be more interested in the Structural Efficiency Rating that way there is the possibility of using up less materials and saving money.
Project 3.2.1 Structural Forms
Before the Industrial Revolution, architecture was strongly affected by the availability of local materials. In the pursuit of creating large open spaces within buildings, architects learned to use the local materials to their best advantage. Because timber, stone, and brick possess different physical characteristics, the resulting structural forms are quite different.
In this activity you will explore the historical development of architectural forms. You will also discover how these forms resist the loads to which they are subjected.
CONCLUSION
In this activity you will explore the historical development of architectural forms. You will also discover how these forms resist the loads to which they are subjected.
CONCLUSION
- What factors affect the development of a structural form? Cost, Size, Life Cycle, Strategy
- What caused the evolution of the vault from barrel to groin to fan? Groin is when two semicircular vaults intersect.
Activity 3.3.1 Utilites
Utilities for any project represent a significant portion of the cost of the project. Proper layout and sizing of equipment are essential for keeping costs in check. Designers attempt to keep utility lines as short as possible because of the high cost of long lines. For example, the service wire for electrical service must be unbroken from the tap point to the panel box with no splices allowed. If four hundred feet of #0000 wire is ordered and it is four feet short, the entire cable must be replaced.
Many environmental and aesthetic concerns must also be considered when placing utilities. Wires, transformers, poles, and pipes are unsightly and are prone to weather damage. Underground utilities are expensive to install and maintain and must be protected from freezing temperatures and vehicles traveling above. When utilities are installed, wetlands and wildlife habitats must be protected.
In this activity you will conduct research on the various methods of transmission of utilities and their associated environmental concerns and present your findings. Then you will size and locate the new utility service connections for the Keystone Library Renovation project.
CONCLUSION
1. How do you determine how large a utility supply must be in order to support the demands of service?
The National Electric Code dictates the size of electrical components. States usually regulate the required sizes for water supplies and wastewater treatment.
2. Explain why you chose above or below ground installations for your utilities.
Below ground installations were chosen to save space.
3. Why do so many different utilities use many of the same terms? Examples: main, branch, service, etc.
Different utilities use the same terms as a way to set up a basic direction for the people setting up the utilities.
4. Why is it important to keep bends and fittings to a minimum when designing utilities?
Cost has to be taken into consideration, and there's less pressure drop and fewer points for possible leaks.
Many environmental and aesthetic concerns must also be considered when placing utilities. Wires, transformers, poles, and pipes are unsightly and are prone to weather damage. Underground utilities are expensive to install and maintain and must be protected from freezing temperatures and vehicles traveling above. When utilities are installed, wetlands and wildlife habitats must be protected.
In this activity you will conduct research on the various methods of transmission of utilities and their associated environmental concerns and present your findings. Then you will size and locate the new utility service connections for the Keystone Library Renovation project.
CONCLUSION
1. How do you determine how large a utility supply must be in order to support the demands of service?
The National Electric Code dictates the size of electrical components. States usually regulate the required sizes for water supplies and wastewater treatment.
2. Explain why you chose above or below ground installations for your utilities.
Below ground installations were chosen to save space.
3. Why do so many different utilities use many of the same terms? Examples: main, branch, service, etc.
Different utilities use the same terms as a way to set up a basic direction for the people setting up the utilities.
4. Why is it important to keep bends and fittings to a minimum when designing utilities?
Cost has to be taken into consideration, and there's less pressure drop and fewer points for possible leaks.